2) Due to the intensified deforestation in the Amazon region, there will much lesser trees and plants suitable for the ants to live and also to craft traps to obtain prey. This will also bring about more competition within the species, when they compete to find the suitable trees that help them obtain prey.
3a)
-> Commensalism
The ants benefit from making traps and capturing prey through cutting the hair of the stems of the tree. The ants therefore benefit. The tree however is not significantly harmed or damaged in the process.
-> Predation
Through setting up of traps, the ants capture their prey. So this can be counted as predation
-> Competition
Due to the presence of human activity, there will be an intensified competition amoung colonies of ants to find trees to set up traps.
3b)
Commensalism
Fishes hiding in the mangrove roots. The fishes acquire protection, but the trees do not have any obvious harm or damage.
Predation
The snakehead preying on smaller fishes like goldfish
Competition
Red-eared sliders introduced into wildlife of Singapore, and native species of turtles and terrapins will have more competition in obtaining prey.
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